Hadoop Pig was initially developed at Yahoo to allow people using Hadoop to focus more on analyzing large datasets and spend less time writing mappers and reduce programs. This would allow people to do what they want to do instead of thinking about mapper and reducer tasks. Name Pig was given to the programming language with a hint on it being designed to handle any kind of data, which has a resemblance to an actual pig, who eat almost anything.
Pig is made up of two components: the first is the language itself, which is called PigLatin, and the second is a runtime environment where PigLatin programs are executed. The program written in Pig can be split into three stages: LOAD, Transformations, and DUMP. First, you load the data you want to manipulate from HDFS. Then you run the data through a set of transformations (which subsequently are translated into a set of mapper and reducer tasks). Finally, you DUMP the data to the screen or you STORE the results in a file somewhere.
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Recommended reading list:
  | Hadoop: The Definitive Guide: Storage and Analysis at Internet Scale Get ready to unlock the power of your data. With the fourth edition of this comprehensive guide, you’ll learn how to build and maintain reliable, scalable, distributed systems with Apache Hadoop. This book is ideal for programmers looking to analyze datasets of any size, and for administrators who want to set up and run Hadoop clusters. Using Hadoop 2 exclusively, author Tom White presents new chapters on YARN and several Hadoop-related projects such as Parquet, Flume, Crunch, and Spark. You’ll learn about recent changes to Hadoop, and explore new case studies on Hadoop’s role in healthcare systems and genomics data processing. Learn fundamental components such as MapReduce, HDFS, and YARN Explore MapReduce in depth, including steps for developing applications with it Set up and maintain a Hadoop cluster running HDFS and MapReduce on YARN Learn two data formats: Avro for data serialization and Parquet for nested data Use data ingestion tools such as Flume (for streaming data) and Sqoop (for bulk data transfer) Understand how high-level data processing tools like Pig, Hive, Crunch, and Spark work with Hadoop Learn the HBase distributed database and the ZooKeeper distributed configuration service |